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You can delegate permissions to install AD DS. For more information, see Installation Management Tasks. Steps-by-step instructions to promote new and replica Windows Server domain controllers using Windows PowerShell cmdlets and Server Manager can be found in the following links:. Prior to the release of Windows 8, Windows Update managed its own internal schedule to check for updates, and to download and install them.

It required that the Windows Update Agent was always running in the background, consuming memory and other system resources. Windows 8 and Windows Server introduce a new feature called Automatic Maintenance.

Automatic Maintenance consolidates many different features that each used to manage its own scheduling and execution logic. This consolidation allows for all these components to use far less system resources, work consistently, respect the new Connected Standby state for new device types, and consume less battery on portable devices.

Because Windows Update is a part of Automatic Maintenance in Windows 8 and Windows Server , its own internal schedule for setting a day and time to install updates is no longer effective. To help ensure consistent and predictable restart behavior for all devices and computers in your enterprise, including those that run Windows 8 and Windows Server , see Microsoft KB article or see October cumulative rollup , then configure policy settings described in the WSUS blog post Enabling a more predictable Windows Update experience for Windows 8 and Windows Server KB The following table summarizes new features for AD DS in Windows Server R2, with a link to more detailed information where it is available.

For a more detailed explanation of some features, including their requirements, see What's New in Active Directory in Windows Server R2. The following table summarizes the new features for AD DS in Windows Server , with a link to more detailed information where it is available. To help ensure consistent and predictable restart behavior for all devices and computers in your enterprise, including those that run Windows 8 and Windows Server , you can configure the following Group Policy settings:.

The following table lists some examples of how to configure these settings to provide desired restart behavior.

Error conditions can be corrected to eliminate concerns from a partially complete upgrade. The wizard also exports a Windows PowerShell script that contains all the options that were specified during the graphical installation. Taken together, the AD DS installation changes simplify the DC role installation process and reduce the likelihood of administrative errors, especially when you are deploying multiple domain controllers across global regions and domains.

For administrators that want to control the introduction of schema changes in an Active Directory forest independent of the installation of Windows Server DCs in an existing forest, Adprep. Beginning with Windows Server , domain controllers also have the following secure default settings, compared to domain controllers that run Windows Server or Windows For more information about system requirements and pre-installation information, see Installing Windows Server There are no additional system requirements to install a new Active Directory forest, but you should add sufficient memory to cache the contents of Active Directory database in order to improve performance for domain controllers, LDAP client requests, and Active Directory-enabled applications.

If you are upgrading an existing domain controller or adding a new domain controller to an existing forest, review the next section to ensure the server meets disk space requirements. This section covers disk space requirements only for upgrading domain controllers from Windows Server or Windows Server R2. For more information about disk space requirements for upgrading domain controllers to earlier versions of Windows Server, see Disk space requirements for upgrading to Windows Server or Disk space requirements for upgrading to Windows Server R2.

Size the disk that hosts the Active Directory database and log files in order to accommodate the custom and application-driven schema extensions, application and administrator-initiated indexes, plus space for the objects and attributes that you will be added to the directory over deployment life of the domain controller typically 5 to 8 years.

Right sizing at deployment time is typically a good investment compared to greater touch costs required to expand disk storage after deployment. On domain controllers that you plan to upgrade, make sure that the drive that hosts the Active Directory database NTDS.

DIT file before you begin the operating system upgrade. If there is insufficient free disk space on the volume, the upgrade can fail and the upgrade compatibility report returns an error indicating insufficient free disk space:. In this case, you can try an offline defragmentation of the Active Directory database to recapture additional space, and then retry the upgrade. In previous releases, Windows Server editions differed in their support of server roles, processor counts and large memory support.

The Standard and Datacenter editions of Windows Server support all features and underlying hardware but vary in their virtualization rights - two virtual instances are allowed for Standard edition and unlimited virtual instances are allowed for Datacenter edition. The following Windows client and Windows Server operating systems are supported for domain member computers with domain controllers that run Windows Server or later:.

You cannot upgrade domain controllers that run Windows Server or bit versions of Windows Server To replace them, install domain controllers that run a later version of Windows Server in the domain, and then remove the domain controllers that Windows Server Note that you cannot convert a domain controller that runs an evaluation version of Windows Server directly to a retail version. Instead, install an additional domain controller on a server that runs a retail version and remove AD DS from the domain controller that runs on the evaluation version.

Due to a known issue, you cannot upgrade a domain controller that runs a Server Core installation of Windows Server R2 to a Server Core installation of Windows Server The upgrade will hang on a solid black screen late in the upgrade process.

Rebooting such DCs exposes an option in boot. An additional reboot triggers the automatic rollback to the previous operating system version. Until a solution is available, it is recommended that you install a new domain controller running a Server Core installation of Windows Server instead of in-place upgrading an existing domain controller that runs a Server Core installation of Windows Server R2.

For more information, see KB article Windows Server requires a Windows Server forest functional level. That is, before you can add a domain controller that runs Windows Server to an existing Active Directory forest, the forest functional level must be Windows Server or higher. This means that domain controllers that run Windows Server R2, Windows Server , or Windows Server can operate in the same forest, but domain controllers that run Windows Server are not supported and will block installation of a domain controller that runs Windows Server If the forest contains domain controllers running Windows Server or later but the forest functional level is still Windows , the installation is also blocked.

Windows domain controllers must be removed prior to adding Windows Server domain controllers to your forest. In this case, consider the following workflow:. The new Windows Server domain functional level enables one new feature: the KDC support for claims, compound authentication, and Kerberos armoring KDC administrative template policy has two settings Always provide claims and Fail unarmored authentication requests that require Windows Server domain functional level.

Important Windows Vista hotfixes and Windows Server hotfixes are included in the same packages. However, only "Windows Vista" is listed on the Hotfix Request page. To request the hotfix package that applies to one or both operating systems, select the hotfix that is listed under "Windows Vista" on the page. Always refer to the "Applies To" section in articles to determine the actual operating system that each hotfix applies to. The security catalog files, for which the attributes are not listed, are signed with a Microsoft digital signature.

Important Windows 7 hotfixes and Windows Server R2 hotfixes are included in the same packages. However, hotfixes on the Hotfix Request page are listed under both operating systems. Microsoft has confirmed that this is a problem in the Microsoft products that are listed in the "Applies to" section. For more information about software update terminology, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:.

Need more help? Expand your skills. Get new features first. Was this information helpful? Yes No. Thank you! Any more feedback? The more you tell us the more we can help. Can you help us improve? It is paired with the Windows Home Server Console—client software accessed from another computer on the network to provide a graphical management interface.

Windows Home Server , the next version of this operating system, was released on 6 April Windows Home Server was the brainchild of Charlie Kindel who was the General Manager for the product from through Microsoft has ended support for Windows Home Server on January 8, The configuration interface was designed to be user-friendly enough that it could be set up without prior knowledge of server administration.

The configuration interface, called the Home Server Console , was delivered as a Remote Desktop Protocol application to remote PCs while the application ran on the server itself, the GUI was rendered on the remote system. The server itself required no video card or peripherals; it was designed to require only an Ethernet card and at least one Windows XP , Windows Vista or Windows 7 computer. Windows Home Server Drive Extender was a file-based replication system that provided three key capabilities: [21].

With drive extender, users could add larger capacity hard disk drives and then could offline lesser capacity drives to upgrade capacity online. For example, if the user was reaching capacity of the share with five terabytes of the six-terabyte capacity used with six one-terabyte drives then the user could offline one of the one-terabyte drives and physically replace it with a two-terabyte drive.

The WHS automatically equalizes the redistribution of used space across all available drives on a regular basis. The offline process would compress the used data across the minimum amount of drives allowing for the removal of one of the lesser capacity drives. Once replaced with a drive of higher capacity the system will automatically redistribute used capacity among the pool to ensure space capacity on each drive.

Users specifically those who configure a family's home server dealt with storage at two levels: Shared Folders and Disks. The only concepts relevant regarding disks was whether they had been "added" to the home server's storage pool or not and whether the disk appeared healthy to the system or not.

This was in contrast with Windows' Logical Disk Manager which requires a greater degree of technical understanding in order to correctly configure a RAID array.

Shared Folders had a name, a description, permissions, and a flag indicating whether duplication redundancy was on or off for that folder. If duplication was on for a Shared Folder which was the default on multi-disk Home Server systems and not applicable to single disk systems then the files in that Shared Folder were duplicated and the effective storage capacity was halved. However, in situations where a user may not have wanted data duplicated e.

TV shows that had been archived to a Windows Home Server from a system running Windows Media Center , Drive Extender provided the capability to not duplicate such files if the server was short on capacity or manually mark a complete content store as not for duplication. A known limitation of Drive Extender was that it in some cases changed timestamp of directories and files when data was moved around between disks.

According to Microsoft this was expected behavior. This caused unexpected behavior when using clients that sort media based on date. The aforementioned programs worked fine with WHS; however, files may have appeared out of order due to this caveat.

Criticism of Drive Extender's removal mainly related to it being seen as a core feature of Windows Home Server and a key reason for adoption.

Windows Home Server Computer Backup automatically backs up all of the computers in a home to the server using an image-based system that ensures point-in-time-based restoration of either entire PCs or specific files and folders. This technology uses Volume Shadow Services VSS technology on the client computer to take an image based backup of a running computer.

Because the backup operates on data at the cluster level, single instancing can be performed to minimize the amount of data that travels over the network and that will ultimately be stored on the home server. This single instancing gives the server the ability to store only one instance of data, no matter if the data originated from another computer, another file, or even data within the same file.

Computer backup images are not duplicated on the server, so if a server hard drive fails, backups could be lost. The "Server Backup" feature added in Power Pack 1 does not include duplication of backup images. The system also offers an SSL secured web browser based interface over the Internet to the shared file stores. The web interface also allows the uploading to and downloading of files from the content stores.

The system also supports Terminal Services Gateway , allowing remote control of the desktop of any Windows computer on the home network. The web interface also supports embedding the Remote Desktop ActiveX control, to provide remote access to home computers from within the web interface directly. Remote sessions can also connect to the Home Server console to configure the server over the internet. Windows Home Server allows for developers to publish community and commercial add-ins designed to enhance the Windows Home Server with added functionality.

Files stored on Windows Home Server are also available through a Windows share , opening compatibility to a wide variety of operating systems. Also, the Administration console is available via Remote Desktop, allowing administration from unsupported platforms.

However, unofficial workarounds allow Connector software to work on XP x

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